Mixing composition for use with wood aggregates and structures



' s. COMPOSITIONS, v E v COATING OR PLASTIC. amme 3 i eysdi;

' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES RANKIN GABROW, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN-MENTS, TO NOVOCBETE COMPANY OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED, OF NEW YORK, N.Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

MIXJITG COMPOSITION FOR USE WITH WOOD AGGREGATES AND STRUCTURES.

.80 Drawing. Application med September 25, 1923. Serial No. 664,797.

T ll h it ay onc rn; a salt solution is used of such sensitiveness- Beit known that 1, JAMES RANKIN GAR- with regard to the tendency itpossesses for now, a subject of the King of Great Britain, a mineralcompound to precipitate thereresiding at London, England, have inventedfrom that the amount of cement or basic 5 certain new and usefulImprovements in material necessary to promote reaction is MixingCompositions for Use with \Vood reduced to a. minimum. so that theby-prod- Aggregates and Structures, of which the nets are beneficial tothe setting, hardening following is a specification. and density of themass, and it should be This invention relates to the use of woodunderstood that in the majority of cases, de- 1 or similar bodies inconjunction witi pending to some extent on the class of cement eitherfor the production of comcement employed, the addition of extrabasic 5W851] which sawdust is used for the material is not necessary,especially when manufacture of concrete blocks, floorings, or dealingwith cement of a calcareous nature. the like, or in the building ofstructures, in As an example of carrying the present 1 which timber-workis reinforced by coninvention into effect with cement such as crete, orvice versa. The invention is also Portland cement, which is of a notablecalap licable for use with other fibrous matecareous nature, thefollowing is given: -ria s, for example, round peat. dis'nte- A solutionof an iron salt such as ferric d 1 d'Tn di o r re use chloride ogi pperch loride is render-cm Wset fort 1 by means of the addition dredundancy of expresof an alkali or an alkali salt such as oxide sion,the invention will be described hereor hydrate or car o-na e or icar onae o inafter in connection with wood, as this is sodium oEssium or an ofthe alkali the primary application at the moment, and earths such as oi'alcium t e amount added 25 it should be understood in connection withbeing such that a slight excess of that the other substances mentionedthat they amount would provide a permanent precipiso V includ thecommonly known variations, for 'tate. The process, however, would not beinstance, concrete is included under the term injured if a permanentprecipitate is formed cement, or a mixture of cement and sand, 11! theliquor to a very small extent. The 30 lime and sand, and the like. woodor similar fibre, or granular powder of The object of the presentinvention is to (for instance, sawdust or wood flour) perfect theadhesion of such cement to Wood, is then impregnated with the solutipnpreor similar bodies, as mentioned above, which Vious 'ttTbeing"infieiilmth theiPortlzmd heretofore has been a condition rarelyaccement to whiclTlatter a suitable 'ag' gregate 35 .complished, andwith v ry material advanmay have been added, such as limestone or tagein many cases when brought about. calcium h dra-tel The lime in thecement, The process according to the present inor aggregate, 1f thelatter is used, by provention consists in utilizing a sensitivesoluviding the required excess of alkali, reacts tion of a metallicsalt, that is, a solution with the absorbed solution, the iron being 40which is of such a degree of alkalinity that precipitated partly in andon the wood and g; the minimum amount of alkali only need be partly inthe Cement mixture.

added to produce the precipitation of a The invention may also beemployedin mineral compound, with a new to closing dealing with otherthaiiesiar'eous cements, the pores of the wood by the formation of forexample, that known as cemeqt iopgu, 45 -a solid compound obtained bythe reaction in the manufacture of which an a uminous of the cement withthe solution, or by the mineral, such as bauxite, is used, also thatreaction of the cement in combination with ceme t made from burnt shaleor s cut an added reagent of basic character, such for example as freealkali, it being understood that the last named addition is only consistarge I o a umina and silica comnecessary when the cement to be employedbined or free. In the event of such cements 1 does not provide thenecessary'excess to not providing the necessary elements to causeprecipitation of the solid compound. precipitate the mineral compound,extra In a process according to this invention alkali or other basicsubstance can be introduced by mixing with the cement or with theimpregnated wood.

If a sufiicient proportion of alkali or base is available from suchcements bringing them into contact with the woo as before stated wouldproduce the required mineral compound.

As an example of the treatment when say, an aluminous or bauxite cement,such as cement fondu, is employed, the following is given The solutionof ferric chloride may be rendered sensitive as set forth in any wellknown way, for example, by the addition of an excess of ferric h dratethe solution rendeimmi oviding the permanent precipitate required, inthis case ferric hydrate. Thereafter, the wood is impregnated with thesolution, and when mixed with the aluminous or bauxite cement thesolution w ecompose y e umina or other alkali or base present in thecement, or if such alkali or base is not sufficient to promote thereaction a small addition of lime or similar alkaline base may be madeto expedite the reaction.

Various metallic salts may be prepared and used in the way beforedescribed, for instance, salts of aluminum, chromium and the like, ormixtures thereof, provided that the by-products formed by the reactionare not deleterious to the cement employed.

The reaction referred to results in the surface of the wood beingmineralized or petrified, or it may be considered that the solidcompound formed by the addition of the cement acts as a link or layerbetween the cement and the wood, enabling the former to adhereefiiciently to the wood.

It should be clear from the foregoing that the resent invention isapplicable not only to brous materials in granular form but also to suchmaterials in slabs, particularly also for the treatment of reinforcingwood rods used in strengthening concrete.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that the characteristic featureof the present invention is that a particular kind of salt solution isused, viz, that which is so sensitive with regard to its tendency toprecipitate a mineral compound therefrom that the addition of a verysmall amount of alkali will produce the mineral compound required. Itwill be appreciated therefore that practically as soon as the cementcomes into contact with the sensitive solution the precipitate willimmediately be formed, in particular coating the fibrous materialadequately so as to provide a link between the cement and the particles.

I claim 1. A process for utilizing fibrous materials in conjunction withcement, which consists in impregnating the said materials with asolution of a metallic salt, which is of such a degre of alkalinity thatthe minimum amount of alkali only need be added to produce theprecipitation of a mineral compound, and then bringing the impregnatedmaterial and cement in contact, thereby producing a reaction in whichprecipitation of a solid compound takes place due to the presence of aprecipitating agent in the cement for the purpose of closing the poresin the said materials and forming a connect-- ing link between them andthe said cement.

2. Process for utilizing wood in conjunction with cement, which consistsin impregnating the wood with a solution of a metallic salt, which is ofsuch a degree of alkalinity that the minimum amount of alkali only needbe added to produce the precipitation of a mineral compound and thenbringing the impregnated wood and cement into contact with each other,whereupon a solid compound is preciptat/ed due to the presence of aprecipitating agent in the cement, which closes the pores in the woodand forms a connecting link between the cement and the wood.

3. Process for utilizing wood in conjunction with cement, which consistsin impregnating the wood with a solution of a metallic chloride, whichis of such a degree of alkalinity that the minimum amount of alkali onlyneed be added to produce the precipitation of a mineral compound, andthen bringing the impregnated wood and cement into contact with eachother, whereupon a solid compound is precipitated, which closes thepores in the wood and forms a connecting link between the cement and thewood.

4. Process for utilizing wood in conjunc tion with cement, whichconsists in impregnating the wood with a solution of an iron chloride,which is of such a degree of alkalinity that the minimum amount ofalkali only need be added to produce the precipitation of a mineralcompound, and then bringing the impregnated wood and cement into contactwith each other, whereupon a solid compound is precipitated, whichcloses the pores in the wood and forms a connecting link between thecement and the wood.

5. A process of utilizing wood in conjunction with cement, whichconsists in rendering a solution of a metallic salt sensitive withregard to its tendency to precipitate a mineral compound therefrom bythe addition of an alkaline substance to an extent such that a slightexcess will providea permanent precipitate, impregnating the wood withthe sensitive salt solution, and then bringing into contact theimpregnated wood and cement, whereon the lime constituent of the cementreacts with the absorbed solution and a solid compound is precipitatedin and on the wood and on the cement, forming a connecting linktherebetween.

6. Process of utilizing wood in conjunci106. COMPOSITIONS, COATING ORPLASTIC.

tion with cement, which consists in rendering a solution of metallicsalt sensitive with excess will provide a permanent precipitate,

impregnating the wood with the sensitive salt solution, and thenbringing into contact the impregnated wood and cement, whereon the limeconstituent of the cement reacts with the absorbed solution, and a solidcompound is precipitated in and on the wood and on the cement, forming aconnecting link therebetween.

7. Process of manufacturing wood and cement compositions, which consistsin impregnating sawdust with a solution of a metallic salt, which is ofsuch a degree of a1- kalinity that the minimum amount of alkali onlyneed be added to produce the precipitation of a mineral compound, andthen mixing the impregnated sawdust with the cement, whereon a reactiontakes place be tween the absorbed solution and the cement, and a solidcompound is precipitated in and on the sawdust and on the cement,thereby linking the sawdust and cement.

8. Process of manufacturing wood and calcareous cement compositions,which consists in rendering a solution of metallic salt sensitive withregard to its tendency to precipitate a mineral compound therefrom bythe addition of an alkali, to an extent such that a slight excess willprovide a permanent precipitate, impregnating the wood with thesensitive salt solution, adding an aggregate to cement and mixing thecement and aggregate with the impregnated sawdust, whereon a solidcompound is precipitated, mineralizing the sawdust and linking thesawdust to the cement and aggregate.

9. A process for utilizing wood in conjunction with aluminous cement,which con sists in rendering a solution of metallic salt sensitive withregard to its tendency to precipitate a mineral compound therefromExercise by the addition of an alkali to an extent such that a slightexcess will provide a permanent precipitate, impregnating the wood withthe sensitive salt solution, and then bringing into contact theimpregnated wood and the cement, whereupon a solid compound isprecipitated due to the decomposition effected by the alkaline contentsof the cement, and the solid compound is deposited in and on the woodand the cement, forming a connecting link therebetween.

10. A process for utilizing wood in con junction with shale cement,which consists in rendering a solution of metallic salt sensitive withregard to its tendency to precipitate a mineral compound therefrom bythe addition of an alkali to an extent such that a slight excess willprovide a permanent precipitate, impregnating the wood with thesensitive salt solution, and then bringing into contact the impregnatedwood and the shale'cement, whereupon a solid compound is precipitateddue to the decomposition effected by the alkaline contents of the shalecement and the solid compound is deposited in and on the wood and thecement, forming a connecting link there-between.

11. A process for utilizing absorbent fibrous materials in conjunctionwith cement, which consists in impregnating the said materials with asolution of a metallic salt, which is of such a degree of alkalinitythat the minimum amount of alkali only need be added to produce theprecipitation of a mineral compound, and then bringing the impregnatedmaterial into contact with cement in the resence of an additionalalkali, thereby pro ucing a reaction in which precipitation of a solidcompound takes place for thepurpose of closing the pores in the saidmaterials and forming a connecting link between them and the saidcement.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

JAMES RANKIN GARROW.

